Developments of next generation refrigerants and heat transfer

Optimized heat transfer correlations for pure and blended refrigerants

Refrigerant blends and pure refrigerants have wide applicability in thermal engineering. One of the critical parameters in the design and evaluation of thermal equipment is the heat transfer coefficient, which can be difficult to determine for refrigerants that undergo phase change within the equipment. For pure refrigerants, classical experimental relations developed by Gungor and Winterton (G...

Condensation Heat Transfer of Pure Refrigerants in Microfin Tubes

Heat Transfer Coefficients and Transport Properties for Alternative Refrigerants

Practical and empirical equations of transport properties have been developed for refrigerant compounds. These equations have been used to develop correlations for experimental heat transfer coefficient (IITC) for both evaporation and condensation in smooth tubes. Model calculations have been compared with recent experimental data, and reasonable agreement has been obtained. INTRODUCTION We hav...

Evaporation and Condensation Heat Transfer Performance of Flammable Refrigerants in a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger

Average Nusselt numbers were measured for R22, R290, R290/600a, and R32/152a undergoing evaporation and condensation in a brazed plate heat exchanger. The refrigerants experienced wavy, stratified flow at low heat and mass fluxes, 1.3 kW/m2 to 8.3 kW/m2 and 1.6 kg/m2 s to 19 kg/m 2 s, respectively. Heat transfer correlations from the literature for in-tube and channel flow of refrigerants with ...

Strategies and Clinical Applications of Next Generation Sequencing

Abstract DNA sequencing is one of the great valuable techniques in molecular biology, which can be used to detect the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA fragment. The high-throughput se­quencing known as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) revolutionized genomic research and molecular biology; therefore, the whole human genome can be sequenced with a low cost in several days. NGS technology is simi...